Below is an update to the c^2
paper and developed with respect to the ideal Tesla magnifier.
As can be seen in the graphic above, two circles at peak in
their cycle scan an area. The area is the surface of the cylinder between
the circles (not shown but inferred.) The area of the cylinder is equal to
the total power of the field in any Tesla coil.
We can see this mathematically by looking at the electric and
magnetic fields of an electromagnetic pulse in
a flat spiral coil.
Electric field strength is -
= E / d Volts per
meter
Where E is the potential in Volts and d is
the distance between two potentials. Similarly, magnetic field
strength is -
H = Fm / l Ampere turns per meter
Where l is the length of the field line and
magnetomotive force Fm is -
Fm = I × N ampere-turns
The formula for calculating the length of wire in a flat spiral
coil is -
l = 2 x pi x Ravg x N
Where l is the length of wire, Ravg is the average
radius of the coil, and N is the number of turns. Thus
N / l = 1 / (2 x pi x Ravg)
and
H = I / 2 x pi x Ravg
To get the total field power -
Pf = x
H or
Pf = V x I / 2 x pi x Ravg x
d Watts per cylinder
Where 2 x pi x Ravg x d is a cylinder as inferred
in the diagram above.
From this, the nature of
longitudinal waves in a flat spiral coil can be understood. The
longitudinal wave is represented by current and circumference of the
radius. It is clear that the longitudinal component of the flat spiral
coil remains in the coil at all times. In actuality the full length of the
flat spiral secondary fills up with charge much like a hose fills up with
water. The "crest" of the water wave in the hose corresponds
with the longitudinal "head" of the wave. Each time the head of
the wave makes one full circle, it would appear from a radius perspective that a
beat had occurred in the expansion of the wave from its center toward the outer
winding.
The sum of all circumferences
of the radii of the coil (same as total wire length of coil) is the stroke
I mentioned in an earlier post.
I = coulomb / sec
Stroke = meter / coulomb
V = meter / sec
V = I x Stroke
Where V is the
velocity of the total charge.
As the current flows
through the flat spiral coil the energy of each successive winding only adds in
the direction of the propagation of the pulse. This is seen in the pulse
model as the x axis and the units are in meters per second which is equal to the
current times stroke. The potential in a flat spiral coil is not additive
but linear. Just as the magnetic field is equal to current divided
by 2 x pi x average radius, the electric
field is equal to potential divided by vertical distance between two opposite
charges. In a flat spiral coil oriented parallel to the surface of the
earth, a negative charge builds under the coil and a positive charge builds
above the coil.
It is the distance of the windings above and below the
coil that adds the potential of the energy and allows the energy to penetrate
the permeability of the surrounding space.
But as the flat
spiral coil is a closed system of copper atoms the charge reaches the end of the
wire, and being that the charge is practically incompressible the momentum of
the charge immediately reverses direction and heads for the center of the flat
spiral coil. At the outer windings of the flat spiral coil the cylinder
defined by total power of the electromagnetic field is spread out since the
radius is maximum, but as the radius becomes minimum the cylinder representing
the total power attempts to expand along the z axis. In a plain flat
spiral coil the z axis is only one winding high, hence the power coming from the
center of the flat spiral coil appears to be high in current and relatively low
in voltage compared to a solenoid coil.
Due to the nature of
the expanding cylinder of total field power, it can be seen that a flat spiral
coil wound completely to the center of the coil will have the greatest effect on
the voltage as the stroke will be the shortest and hence the current will be in
its most dense state. From the point of view of the total power output in
the coil, the power will be mostly transferred to voltage if the flat spiral
coil is wound to the center. But a flat spiral coil wound completely to
the center, of itself, can only produce a high rate of current because there is
no distance d for the voltage to travel in. So to effect the most
efficient and most complete transfer of power between current and voltage a coil
must be wound with both a flat spiral secondary and tall solenoid secondary
connected to each other. And this configuration happens to be the ideal
"magnifier" setup used by Nikola Tesla in his World Transmitter
system.
By placing a coil of
small radius and long distance d in the center of the flat spiral coil, the
optimum condition for transferring the energy of declining radius is presented
to the charge. Now as the charge declines in radius and tends to increase
in distance from the coil, the distance of the charge will expand along the tall
solenoid and each successive turn will add to the voltage thus allowing the
charge to penetrate the surrounding permeability with great force.
The momentum of the
expanding potential is such that it has the force to electrostatically induce
movement into surrounding charges. This is the cause of radio waves.
Per the c^2 theory,
the rotational component of the flat spiral coil current is generated as the
head of the charge moves from the center winding to the outer winding and
back. The rotational component is further maintained by the solenoid
between the top winding and lower winding. In effect, the entire cylinder
defined by the total field power rotates as a single unit in one direction when
the voltage is declining and in the opposite direction when the voltage is
increasing. It would follow that in certain cases a spiral effect would be
noticeable in the discharge of the upper solenoid terminal. Such
rotational effects have been noticed by several coilers.
In Tesla's
Wardencliffe magnifier, the frequency of the flat spiral coil was tuned to the
resonant frequency of the earth. The solenoid was wound to oscillate at
many times the frequency of the earth such that it would generate high
voltage. The high voltage of the solenoid helped drive the current in the
flat spiral coil just as the current in the flat spiral coil helped drive the
solenoid. The low frequency of the flat spiral pumped the earth's charge
into resonance while the high voltage of the solenoid actually provided a
conducting path to the ionosphere, allowing energy from the ionosphere to feed
into the Wardencliffe system. Had Tesla continued with his tower design,
he likely would have discovered that the ionosphere could provide all the energy
to drive the system once it was in operation.
Applying this same
Tesla magnifier concept to planets such as Jupiter and supernovas we can
similarly explain the X ray bursts from Jupiter and gamma ray bursts from stars.
